Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SCN stimulation at CT21 on c-Fos cells in the SCN and homecage activity rhythms. (A) Representative confocal images of coronal mouse brain slices containing the SCN from a control and stimulated mouse. (B) The average number of c-Fos-positive cells per mouse SCN were increased after stimulation at CT21. n = 5–6 mice. (C) Experimental design to determine the effects of repeated SCN stimulation at CT21 on psychiatric-related behaviors. STIM, stimulation. (D,E) Representative double-plotted actograms of homecage activity of a control and stimulated mouse. Gray shading indicates when lights were off and red arrows indicate the days when stimulations or sham stimulations occurred at CT21. The red asterisks on the left sides of the actograms indicate the times of the stimulations. Change in homecage activity circadian parameters were measured relative to baseline in DD. (F) Stimulated mice exhibited a greater reduction in homecage activity period or tau. (G) Stimulated mice showed a greater decrease in homecage activity amplitude. n = 14–16 Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations between change in homecage activity amplitude and behavior in mice that received stimulations or sham stimulations of the SCN at CT21. (A,B,D,E) OF, (C,F) locomotor, (G,H) EPM, (I–L) FST. A dampened amplitude of homecage activity rhythms in stimulated mice was correlated with increased anxiety-like behavior in the OF and decreased immobility in the FST. n = 13–16 Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Homecage circadian activity changes and correlations with behavior in mice that received stimulations or sham stimulations of the SCN at unpredictable times during the dark phase. (A) Experimental design. (B,C) Representative double-plotted actograms of homecage activity of a control and stimulated mouse. Gray shading indicates when lights were off and red arrows indicate when the daily stimulations took place. The red asterisks on the left sides of the actograms indicate the times of the stimulations. Change in homecage activity circadian parameters were measured relative to baseline in LD. (D) Stimulated mice exhibited a greater reduction in homecage activity amplitude. (E) There was no difference in the change in midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) between control and stimulated mice. Correlations between change in homecage activity amplitude and (F,G,I,J) EPM and (H,K) locomotor behavior in mice that received daily unpredictable dark phase stimulations or sham stimulations of the SCN. n = 9–11 Vgat-Cre;ChR2 mice . * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations between change in homecage activity amplitude and behavior in mice that received stimulations or sham stimulations of the SCN at unpredictable times during the dark phase. (A,B,E,F) OF, (C,D,G,H) LD box, and (I–L) FST behavior. A dampened amplitude of homecage activity rhythms in control mice was associated with decreased anxiety-like behavior in the OF. n = 9–11 Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Homecage activity non-parametric circadian parameter changes and correlations with behavior in mice that received stimulations of the SCN at unpredictable times during the dark phase. Change in homecage activity non-parametric circadian parameters were measured relative to baseline in LD. (A) Stimulated mice had a greater reduction in homecage activity amplitude, (D) increase in fragmentation and (G) decrease in day-to-day stability. Correlations between the change in (B,C) homecage activity amplitude, (E,F) fragmentation and (H,I) day-to-day stability with behavior in the EPM in stimulated mice. n = 9–11 Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute optogenetic stimulation of the SCN during the dark phase increased anxiety-like behavior in the OF. (A) Male and female Vgat -Cre;ChR2 B6 or Vgat -Cre B6 control mice received blue light pulses (8 Hz, 10 ms pulse width) in alternating 1 min blocks for a total of 3 min while in the OF. (B) Acute SCN stimulation at ZT14-16 had no effect on center entries or (C) total time spent in the center of Vgat -Cre B6 mice in the OF. (D) In Vgat -Cre;ChR2 B6 mice, acute SCN stimulation at ZT14-16 decreased the number of center entries in the OF and (E) decreased total time spent in the center time relative to the laser off periods. n = 9–11. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of SCN stimulation at CT21 on c-Fos cells in the SCN and homecage activity rhythms. (A) Representative confocal images of coronal mouse brain slices containing the SCN from a control and stimulated mouse. (B) The average number of c-Fos-positive cells per mouse SCN were increased after stimulation at CT21. n = 5–6 mice. (C) Experimental design to determine the effects of repeated SCN stimulation at CT21 on psychiatric-related behaviors. STIM, stimulation. (D,E) Representative double-plotted actograms of homecage activity of a control and stimulated mouse. Gray shading indicates when lights were off and red arrows indicate the days when stimulations or sham stimulations occurred at CT21. The red asterisks on the left sides of the actograms indicate the times of the stimulations. Change in homecage activity circadian parameters were measured relative to baseline in DD. (F) Stimulated mice exhibited a greater reduction in homecage activity period or tau. (G) Stimulated mice showed a greater decrease in homecage activity amplitude. n = 14–16 Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Article Title: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Regulates Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.765850

Figure Lengend Snippet: Acute optogenetic stimulation of the SCN during the dark phase increased anxiety-like behavior in the OF. (A) Male and female Vgat -Cre;ChR2 B6 or Vgat -Cre B6 control mice received blue light pulses (8 Hz, 10 ms pulse width) in alternating 1 min blocks for a total of 3 min while in the OF. (B) Acute SCN stimulation at ZT14-16 had no effect on center entries or (C) total time spent in the center of Vgat -Cre B6 mice in the OF. (D) In Vgat -Cre;ChR2 B6 mice, acute SCN stimulation at ZT14-16 decreased the number of center entries in the OF and (E) decreased total time spent in the center time relative to the laser off periods. n = 9–11. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: For chronic SCN stimulation, homozygous Vgat -Cre mice (B6.FVB.129S6- Slc32a1 TM 2(cre)Lowl /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 016962) were crossed with homozygous Cre-dependent ChR2 mice (Ai32, B6.129S- Gt(ROSA) 26 Sortm 32( CAG–COP 4 * H 134R/EYFP)Hze /J; The Jackson Laboratory; stock 012569) to yield heterozygous Vgat -Cre;ChR2 mice.

Techniques: Control